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Multi-party system
A multi-party system is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have a similar or equal chance of gaining control of government offices, separately or in coalition government. In the vast majority of multi-party systems, numerous major and minor political parties hold a serious chance of receiving office, and because they all compete, a majority may not control the legislature, forcing the creation of a coalition.〔() - Education 2020, definition of multiparty: ''"A system in which several major and many lesser parties exist, seriously compete for, and actually win public offices."''〕 In some countries, every government ever formed since its independence has been by means of a coalition. Multi-party systems tend to be more common in parliamentary systems than presidential systems, and far more common in countries that use proportional representation compared to countries that use first past the post elections. This is because it is very rare for national consensus on political issues apart from large issues such as national defence. First past the post requires concentrated areas of support for large representation in the Legislature whereas proportional representation better reflects the range of a population's views.
Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan and Philippines are examples of nations that have used a multi-party system effectively in their democracies. In these countries, usually no single party has a parliamentary majority by itself. Instead, multiple political parties form coalitions for the purpose of developing power blocks for governing.
In some multi-party systems, only two or three parties have a substantial chance of forming a government with or without forming a cooalition. If only two parties are likely to win however that is a two party system where there are two major political parties and only they are likely to win an election. They also usually alternate in and out of government such was the case in the United Kingdom before 2010. This is the case in both Canada and the United Kingdom where majority governments are very common. In the UK, only the Conservative Party and the Labour Party have a serious chance of winning enough seats to form a government; another major party, the Liberal Democrats, have never had enough seats to form a government, but have held enough seats to be the lower half of a two party coalition.
== Comparisons with other party systems ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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